Anxiety

Common anxiety signs and symptoms include:

• Feeling nervous, restless, or tense
• Having a sense of impending danger, panic, or doom
• Having an increased heart rate
• Breathing rapidly (hyperventilation)
• Sweating
• Trembling
• Feeling weak or tired
• Trouble concentrating or thinking about anything other than the present worry
• Having trouble sleeping
• Experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) problems
• Having difficulty controlling worry
• Having the urge to avoid things that trigger anxiety

Several types of anxiety disorders exist:

• • Agoraphobia (ag-uh-ruh-FOE-be-uh) is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and often avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel helpless or embarrassed.
  • Anxiety disorder due to a medical condition includes symptoms of intense anxiety or panic that are directly caused by a physical health problem.
  • Generalised anxiety disorder includes persistent and excessive anxiety and worries about activities or events — even ordinary, routine issues. The worry is out of proportion to the actual circumstance, is difficult to control, and affects how you feel physically. It often occurs along with other anxiety disorders or depression.
  • Panic disorder involves repeated episodes of sudden feelings of extreme anxiety and fear or terror that increase within minutes (panic attacks). You may have shortness of breath, chest pain, or a fast heartbeat (heart palpitations). These panic attacks may lead to worrying about them happening again or avoiding situations in which they’ve occurred.
  • Selective mutism is a consistent failure of children to speak in certain situations, such as school, even when they can communicate in other conditions, such as at home with close family members. This can interfere with school, work, and social functioning.
  • Separation anxiety disorder is a childhood disorder connected with anxiety that’s excessive for the child’s developmental level and related to separation from parents or others who have parental roles.
  • Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) involves high levels of anxiety, fear, and avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment and concern about being judged by others.
  • Specific phobias involve significant anxiety when you’re exposed to a particular object or situation and a desire to avoid it. Phobias provoke panic attacks in some people.
  • Substance-induced anxiety disorder is the appearance of symptoms of intense anxiety or panic that are a direct result of misusing drugs, taking medications, being exposed to a toxic substance, or withdrawal from drugs.
  • Other specified anxiety disorders and unspecified anxiety disorders are terms for anxiety or phobias that don’t meet the exact criteria for any other anxiety disorders but are significant enough to be distressing and disruptive.

See your doctor if:

• You feel like you’re worrying too much, and it’s interfering with your work, relationships, or other parts of your life.
• Your fear, worry, or anxiety is upsetting to you and difficult to control.
• You feel depressed, have trouble with alcohol or drug use, or have other mental health concerns along with anxiety.
• You think your anxiety could be linked to a physical health problem.
• You have suicidal thoughts or behaviours — if this is the case, seek emergency treatment immediately.

Your worries may not go away independently and worsen over time if you don’t seek help. See your doctor or a mental health provider before your anxiety gets worse. It’s easier to treat if you get help early.

The causes of anxiety disorders aren’t fully understood. Life experiences such as traumatic events appear to trigger anxiety disorders in people who are already prone to anxiety. Inherited traits also can be a factor.

Medical causes

For some people, anxiety may be linked to an underlying health issue. In some cases, anxiety signs and symptoms are the first indicators of a medical illness. If your doctor suspects your anxiety may have a medical cause, he or she may order tests to look for signs of a problem.
Examples of medical problems that can be linked to anxiety include:

• Heart disease
• Diabetes
• Thyroid problems, such as hyperthyroidism
• Respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma
• Drug misuse or withdrawal
• Chronic pain or irritable bowel syndrome
• Rare tumours that produce certain fight-or-flight hormones

Sometimes, anxiety can be a side effect of certain medications.

Your anxiety may be due to an underlying medical condition if:

• You don’t have any blood relatives (such as a parent or sibling) with an anxiety disorder.
• You didn’t have an anxiety disorder as a child.
• You don’t avoid certain things or situations because of anxiety.
• You have a sudden occurrence of anxiety that seems unrelated to life events, and you don’t have a previous history of anxiety.

These factors may increase your risk of developing an anxiety disorder:

• • Trauma. Children who faced abuse or trauma or saw traumatic events are at higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder at some point in life. Adults who experience such events also can develop anxiety disorders.
  • Stress due to an illness. A health condition or serious illness can cause significant worry about issues such as your treatment and future.
  • Stress buildup. A significant event or a buildup of more minor stressful life situations may cause excessive anxiety — for example, a death in the family, work stress, or ongoing worry about finances.
  • Personality. People with certain personality types are more prone to anxiety disorders than others.
  • Other mental health disorders. People with other mental health disorders, such as depression, often also have an anxiety disorder.
  • Having blood relatives with an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders can run in families.
  • Drugs or alcohol. Drug or alcohol use misuse or getting rid of it can cause or worsen anxiety.

Having an anxiety disorder does more than make you worry. It can also lead to, or worsen, other mental and physical conditions, such as:

• Depression (which often occurs with an anxiety disorder) or other mental health disorders
• Substance misuse
• Trouble sleeping (insomnia)
• Digestive or bowel problems
• Headaches and chronic pain
• Social isolation
• Problems functioning at school or work
• Poor quality of life
• Suicide

There’s no way to predict for sure what will cause someone to develop an anxiety disorder, but you can take steps to reduce the impact of symptoms if you’re anxious:

• • Get help early. Anxiety, like many other mental health conditions, can be harder to treat if you wait.
  • Stay active. Participate in activities that you enjoy and that make you feel good about yourself. Enjoy social interaction and caring relationships, which can lessen your worries.
  • Avoid alcohol or drug use. Alcohol and drug use can cause or worsen anxiety. If you’re addicted to any of these substances, quitting can make you anxious. If you can’t quit alone, see your doctor or find a support group to help you.

You may start by seeing your primary care provider to find out if your anxiety could be related to your physical health. He or she can check for signs of an underlying medical condition that may need treatment.
However, you may need to see a mental health specialist if you have severe anxiety. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor specialising in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions. A psychologist and certain other mental health professionals can diagnose anxiety and provide counselling (psychotherapy).
To help diagnose an anxiety disorder, your mental health provider may:

• • Give you a psychological evaluation. This involves discussing your thoughts, feelings, and behaviour to help pinpoint a diagnosis and check for related complications. Anxiety disorders often occur along with other mental health problems — such as depression or substance misuse — which can make diagnosis more challenging.

The two main treatments for anxiety disorders are psychotherapy and medications. You may benefit most from a combination of the two. Discovering which treatments work best for you may take some trial and error.

Psychotherapy

Also known as talk therapy or psychological counselling, psychotherapy involves working with a therapist to reduce your anxiety symptoms. It can be an effective treatment for anxiety.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most effective form of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. Generally a short-term treatment, CBT focuses on teaching you specific skills to improve your symptoms and slowly return to the activities you’ve avoided because of anxiety.

CBT includes exposure therapy, in which you slowly encounter the object or situation that triggers your anxiety so you build confidence that you can manage the situation and anxiety symptoms.

Sehatyab makes it easier for those dealing with anxiety to reach out to the best psychiatrists in Pakistan. Whether seeking guidance or support, this online platform connects you with trusted mental health professionals conveniently. Booking consultation with it is super simple and easy!

Several types of medications are used to help manage symptoms, depending on the type of anxiety disorder you have and whether you also have other mental or physical health issues. For example:

• Certain antidepressants are used to treat anxiety disorders.
• An anti-anxiety medication called buspirone may be prescribed.
• In limited circumstances, your doctor may prescribe other types of medications, such as sedatives, also called benzodiazepines, or beta blockers. These medications are for short-term relief of anxiety symptoms and are not intended to be used long-term.

Talk with your doctor about medications’ benefits, risks and possible side effects.

While most people with anxiety disorders need psychotherapy or medications to get anxiety under control, lifestyle changes also can make a difference. Here’s what you can do:

• Keep physically active. Develop a routine so you’re physically active most days of the week. Exercise is a powerful stress reducer. It may improve your mood and help you stay healthy. Start slowly and gradually increase the amount and intensity of your activities.
• Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. These substances can cause or worsen anxiety. If you can’t quit alone, see your doctor or find a support group to help you.
• Quit smoking and cut back or quit drinking caffeinated beverages. Both nicotine and caffeine can worsen anxiety.
• Use stress management and relaxation techniques. Visualisation techniques, meditation, and yoga are examples of relaxation techniques that can ease anxiety.
• Make sleep a priority. Do what you can to get enough sleep to feel rested. If you aren’t sleeping well, see your doctor.
• Eat healthy. Healthy eating — such as focusing on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and fish — may be linked to reduced anxiety, but more research is needed.

Several herbal remedies have been studied as a treatment for anxiety, but more research is needed to understand the risks and benefits. You can’t always be sure what you’re getting and whether it’s safe. Some of these supplements can interfere with prescription medications or cause dangerous interactions.

Before taking herbal remedies or dietary supplements, talk to your doctor to ensure they’re safe for you and won’t interact with any medications you take.

To cope with an anxiety disorder, here’s what you can do:

• Learn about your disorder. Talk to your doctor or psychiatrist. Find out what might be causing your specific condition and what treatments might be best for you. Involve your family and friends and ask for their support.
• Stick to your treatment plan. Take medications as directed. Keep therapy appointments and complete any assignments your therapist may give you. Consistency can make a big difference, especially when it comes to taking your medication.
• Take action. Learn what triggers your anxiety or causes you stress. Practice the strategies you developed with your mental health provider so you’re ready to deal with anxious feelings in these situations.
• Keep a journal. Keeping track of your personal life can help you and your mental health provider identify what’s causing you stress and what seems to help you feel better.
• Join an anxiety support group. Remember that you aren’t alone. Support groups offer compassion, understanding, and shared experiences. The National Alliance on Mental Illness and the Anxiety and Depression Association of America provide information on finding support.
• Learn time management techniques. You can reduce anxiety by learning how to manage your time and energy carefully.
• Socialise. Don’t let worries isolate you from loved ones or activities.
• Break the cycle. When you feel anxious, take a brisk walk or delve into a hobby to refocus your mind away from your worries.

The psychologists at Sehatyab provide online consultations to help individuals manage and overcome anxiety. Now, it’s super easy to connect with trusted professionals and start your journey toward beating this mental health disorder, all from the comfort of your home.

You may start by seeing your primary care provider. He or she may refer you to a mental health professional.

What you can do

To prepare for the appointment, make a list of:

• Your anxiety symptoms. Note when they occur, whether anything makes them better or worse, and how much they affect your day-to-day activities and interactions.
• What causes you stress? Include any significant life changes or stressful events you’ve dealt with recently. Also, note any traumatic experiences you’ve had in the past or as a child.
• Any family history of mental health problems. Note if your parents, grandparents, siblings, or children have struggled with any mental health problems.
• Any other health problems you have. Include both physical conditions and mental health issues.
• All medications you’re taking. Include any medications, vitamins, herbs or other supplements and the doses.
• Questions to ask your doctor to make the most of your appointment.

Some basic questions to ask your doctor include:

• What’s the most likely cause of my anxiety?
• Are there other possible situations, psychological issues, or physical health problems that could be causing or worsening my anxiety?
• Do I need any tests?
• Should I see a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other mental health provider?
• What type of therapy might help me?
• Would medication help? Is there a generic alternative to the medicine you’re prescribing?
• In addition to treatment, are there any steps I can take at home that might help?
• Do you have any educational materials that I can have? What websites do you recommend?

Don’t hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment.
Sehatyab connects you with experienced psychologists who provide online consultations to address anxiety and related concerns. Access professional support quickly and let them help you with dealing with anxiety and defeating it!

What to expect from your doctor

Your doctor will likely ask you several questions, such as:

• What are your symptoms, and how severe are they? How do they impact your ability to function?
• Have you ever had a panic attack?
• Do you avoid certain things or situations because they make you anxious?
• Have your feelings of anxiety been occasional or continuous?
• When did you first begin noticing your feelings of anxiety?
• Does anything in particular seem to trigger your anxiety or make it worse?
• What, if anything, seems to improve your feelings of anxiety?
• What traumatic experiences have you had recently or in the past?
• What, if any, physical or mental health conditions do you have?
• Do you take any prescription drugs?
• Do you regularly drink alcohol or use recreational drugs?
• Do you have any blood relatives who have anxiety or other mental health conditions, such as depression?